• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A cathode for a high temperature cell, the cathode comprising an electronegative element selected from the group consisting of sulphur and selenium, and a molecular sieve carrier wherein the electronegative element is sorbed and wherein the electronegative element is held captive during use of the cathode in a cell. The molecular sieve carrier conveniently comprises dehydrated zeolite crystals. A high temperature cell comprising a cathode as described, a lithium alloy anode and an electrolyte comprising an eutectic mixture of potassium iodide-lithium iodide, or potassium chloride-lithium chloride.
    公开号:SU1024020A3
    申请号:SU782588854
    申请日:1978-03-09
    公开日:1983-06-15
    发明作者:Коетзер Иоган
    申请人:Дзе Саут Африкан Инвеншнз Дивелопмент Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to chemical current sources and relates to a cathode of a high temperature current source. It is known to deprive the mobility of sulfur cathodes using transition metal sulfides, such as iron sulfides, as cathodes l. However, iron sulfide is highly corrosive and therefore it is necessary to use a special material as a current collector, for example molybdenum. In addition, the expansion of iron sulfide during charge and discharge cycles can lead to mechanical destruction of the cathodes. The closest to the present invention is a cathode of a high-temperature source, which contains sulfur or selenium in a porous matrix of graphite felt 2j. This cathode has insufficient mechanical strength, which leads to a decrease in its service life. The purpose of the invention is to increase the service life by increasing the mechanical strength of the cathode. The goal is achieved by taking dehydrated crystalline zeolite as a matrix, which may contain 5–16 wt.% Of graphite powder to increase the conductivity. or a stabilizing additive from the group containing phosphorus mice to antimony, in order to reduce the volatility of sorbed sulfur or selenium in the matrix, the matrix can have a heat of sulfur sorption or selenium 20,200 kcal / g-at. Zeolite may have the composition, for example, K 2Alia 51.1 04.8, 048, or NagfcAlg Si o Oz84 The term zeolites means a class of crystalline or amorphous natural or synthetic materials that contain aluminum and silicon in certain proportions. Typically, zeolites contain motile water molecules that can be removed reversibly by heating or pumping. Zeolites, as a rule, have an ordered internal structure, exhibit a large internal surface region, and are characterized by the presence of numerous regular sequences of molecular attenuations. Zeolites in hydrated form can be represented by the following structural formula% / I-0-A1 0 X3102.UN20, where M is a cation with a valence of n; X and Y are independent variables that are a function of the composition of the initial mixture and the method of formation. The heat sorption index shows that the zeolite keeps sorbed sulfur or selenium when the cathode is operating throughout the entire range of operating temperatures. The cathode remains physically and chemically stable during normal operation of the current source. Zeolites are good ionic but poor electronic conductors. Sulfur and selenium, while not in a molten state, are also poor electronic conductors. The proposed cathode containing sulfur or selenium adsorbed in a suitable zeolite is a poor electronic conductor, and therefore requires the inclusion of an electron-conducting material. However, the corresponding zeolite crystals with sorbed sulfur or selenium form a cathode material, each crystal of which exhibits the necessary electronic conductivity. However, the proposed cathode may optionally include materials with electronic conductivity between individual cathode crystals, thereby increasing the electronic conductivity of the cathode. If the material with electronic conductivity is graphite, then it may be in the form of a porous coating of zeolite crystals, or in powder form. mixed with zeolite crystals. The porous coating provides free access of the electrolyte inside the pores, cavities and channels of the zeolite. The graphite layer should be porous, it should be as small as possible, since graphite can act as an electrolytic barrier, limiting the availability of electrolyte to sulfur or selenium. The amount of material with electronic conductivity is chosen such as to provide the desired balance between electrolyte access and electronic conductivity when using a high-temperature cell. The total mass of the material with electronic conductivity should be as small as possible to obtain the maximum ratio of energy to weight. In order to obtain a tablet with effective electronic conductivity, it is necessary to add to the zeolite, and if necessary, more (up to 60 wt.) Powdered graphite. The cathode is sealed to form cathode disks or tablets with sufficient mechanical strength to form a self-supporting structure. The discs can be dehydrated in a vacuum at and then saturated with sulfur in a vacuum at 320 ° C. Approximately 70% of the sulfur is absorbed. Stabilizing, the addition of arsenic, phosphorus or antimony reduces the pressure of sulfur vapor or selenium, and hence their tendency to evaporation. These elements are believed to form covalent bonds with ring or chain structures of sulfur or selenium. The current source contains an anode made of an LiAl alloy, a cathode consisting of a graphite bowl with zeolite and adsorbed sulfur, and an electrolyte of molten eutectic of lithium and potassium ions. The table presents the characteristics of elements with different zeolites.
    Idling voltage, V 1,80 1,80 1,70
    Short circuit current,
    mA / cm 1100 1000 500 500
    Energy density
    Wh / kgCOTS 350 130 280
    Maximum power
    W / cm2-0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2
    Efficiency,%, cool-.
    novska 90 98 60 99
    Use s or
    Se,% 62 61 - 65
    Note. Sulfur and selenium include the sorbed type, and the zeolite type can be of the following composition: 4A
    FOR% Al iSi a048; 3x Na AlggSi p Oz04 - The size of cavities in zeolites is measured in angstroms (4-1 behind 3).
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. HIGH-TEMPERATURE CATHODE-
    A CHEMICAL SOURCE OF THE CURRENT, containing sulfur or selenium in a porous matrix, characterized in that, in order to increase service life by increasing mechanical strength, the matrix is made of anhydrous zeolite. 1
    [2]
    2. The cathode in π. 1, characterized in that, in order to increase electrical conductivity, the matrix is made of anhydrous zeolite with the addition of graphite powder in an amount of 5–16 wt.
    [3]
    3. The cathode of claims. 1-2, characterized in that the matrix is made of anhydrous zeolite with a stabilizing additive selected from the group of substances containing phosphorus, arsenic and antimony.
    [4]
    4. The cathode of claims. 1-4, on t l and the fact that, the matrix is made of anhydrous zeolite with a heat of sorption of sulfur or selenium 20-200 kcal / gat.
    [5]
    5. The cathode according to claim 1, with the fact that the matrix is made of an anhydrous zeolite composition 1 ^ 2. ^ 42 θ4β
    [6]
    6. Cathode according to π. 1, with the fact that the matrix is made of anhydrous zeolite composition Νβο S ° 4c ·
    /. Cathode by π. .1, with the fact that the matrix is made of anhydrous zeolite composition>
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US4164608A|1979-08-14|
    ZA771433B|1978-10-25|
    引用文献:
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    US3186875A|1959-09-15|1965-06-01|Union Carbide Corp|Solid state battery|
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    US3716409A|1971-09-08|1973-02-13|Atomic Energy Commission|Cathodes for secondary electrochemical power-producing cells|
    US3864168A|1974-03-22|1975-02-04|Yardney International Corp|Electrolytic cells incorporating water scavengers|
    US4076905A|1977-05-05|1978-02-28|Rockwell International Corporation|Electrode for electrical energy storage device|CA1123901A|1978-07-17|1982-05-18|Johan Coetzer|Electrochemical cell having electrodewith zeolite molecular sieve|
    ZA785067B|1978-09-06|1980-04-30|South African Inventions|Electrochemical cell|
    ZA785950B|1978-10-23|1980-06-25|South African Inventions|Electrochemical cell|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ZA00771433A|ZA771433B|1977-03-09|1977-03-09|Cathode and cell incorporating such a cathode|
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